GIPOTIREOZ SINDROMI VA TUG‘MA GIPOTIREOZ: ETIOPATOGENEZ, KLINIK KECHISH, DAVOLASH USULLARI HAMDA SKRINING TIZIMI

ISKANDAROVA FATIMA IBADULLAYEVNA

Samarqand davlat tibbiyot universiteti Endokrinologiya kafedrasi 2-kurs klinik Ordinator

Keywords: gipotireoz, tug‘ma gipotireoz, etiopatogenez, klinik kechish, davolash, skrining, levotiroksin, qalqonsimon bez, TSH, T4, FT4, autoimmun tiroidit, yod tanqisligi, genetik mutatsiyalar, neyro-rivojlanish, epidemiologiya, subclinical gipotireoz, miksedema, bradikardiya, yod boyitish.

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Abstract

Gipotireoz sindromi va tug‘ma gipotireoz kasalliklari qalqonsimon bez gormonlari yetishmovchiligi bilan bog‘liq bo‘lib, ularning etiopatogenezi, klinik kechishi, davolash usullari va skrining tizimi zamonaviy tibbiyotda muhim o‘rin tutadi. Ushbu maqola ushbu mavzuni yuqori aniqlik va dolzarblikda ko‘rib chiqadi, ilmiy adabiyotlar, meta-tahlillar va epidemiologik ma'lumotlarga asoslanib. Etiopatogenezda asosiy omillar autoimmun jarayonlar (masalan, Xashimoto tiroiditi), yod yetishmovchiligi, genetik mutatsiyalar (DUOX2, TSHR genlari), jarrohlikdan keyingi holatlar va dori vositalari ta’siri (amiodaron, litiy) hisoblanadi. Klinik kechishda letargiya, semizlik, teri quruqligi, bradikardiya, depressiya va neyro-kognitiv buzilishlar kuzatiladi, bu esa hayot sifatini sezilarli pasaytiradi. Davolashda levotiroksin (L-T4) preparati asosiy vosita bo‘lib, u gormon yetishmovchiligini qoplaydi va bemorlarning intellektual rivojlanishini saqlaydi; ammo doza individual bo‘lib, monitoring TSH va FT4 darajalari orqali amalga oshiriladi. Tug‘ma gipotireozning tashhis skriningi yangi tug‘ilgan chaqaloqlarda majburiy bo‘lib, TSH va T4 darajasini o‘lchash orqali amalga oshiriladi, bu kasallikni erta aniqlash va neyro-kognitiv rivojlanish buzilishlarini (IQ pasayishi 20-30 ball) oldini olishga yordam beradi. Maqolada 4 ta murakkab jadval (etiopatogenez, klinik kechish, davolash, skrining), 1 ta bar chart (tarqalish mamlakatlar bo‘yicha) va 1 ta pie chart (sabablari taqsimoti) orqali ma'lumotlar taqdim etiladi, har biri uchun batafsil tavsif berilgan. Natijalar va muhokama qismida kasallikning epidemiologiyasi (global chastota 1:2000-4000), davolash samaradorligi (90% gacha normal rivojlanish) va yangi yondashuvlar (genetik skrining) tahlil qilinadi. Xulosa qismida kasallikni oldini olish (yod boyitish dasturlari), boshqarish (multidistsiplinar yondashuv) va kelajak tadqiqotlari bo‘yicha tavsiyalar beriladi. Ushbu maqola endokrinologlar, pediatrlar va skrining mutaxassislari uchun foydali bo‘lib, 2023-2025 yillardagi so‘nggi ko‘rsatmalarga asoslangan.

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