EKSPERIMENTAL QANDLI DIABETDA TUG‘ILGAN AVLODLARDA UMURTQA POG‘ONASINING MORFOLOGIK TASNIFI

Abduvaqqosova Muslima Murodjanovna

Morfologiya yo’nalishi magistranti, Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universiteti, Toshkent, O‘zbekiston

Ibrohimova L.I

Anatomiya, gistologiya, patologik anatomiya kafedrasi PhD, dotsent Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universiteti. Toshkent, O‘zbekiston

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8589-6405

Keywords: qandli diabet, maternal diabet, gestational diabet, avlodlar, fetal rivojlanish, postnatal ontogenez, umurtqa pog‘onasi, orqa miya, morfologik tasnif, gistologik o‘zgarishlar, morfometrik tahlil, neyron zichligi, den

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Abstract

Ekperimental qandli diabetda tug‘ilgan avlodlarda umurtqa pog‘onasining morfologik tasnifi zamonaviy tibbiyot va biologiya fanlarida yuqori dolzarblik kasb etmoqda. Ushbu tadqiqot streptozotosin (STZ) va alloksan bilan chaqirilgan maternal qandli diabetning fetal va postnatal rivojlanishga ta’sirini batafsil o‘rganadi, xususan umurtqa pog‘onasi va orqa miya tuzilishidagi o‘zgarishlarni. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, diabetli onalarning avlodlarida umurtqa pog‘onasi hajmi 10-25% ga kamayishi, neyron zichligi 40-70% ga pasayishi, dendritik tikonlar soni va uzunligi buzilishi, sinaptik aloqalar zichligi kamayishi, hujayra apoptozi kuchayishi va glial hujayralar faolligi oshishi kuzatiladi. Morfologik tasnif quyidagi besh toifaga bo‘linadi: 1) makrostruktural buzilishlar (umurtqa pog‘onasi va orqa miya perimetri, hajmi va o‘q uzunligining kamayishi); 2) mikrostruktural o‘zgarishlar (hujayra tashkilotining buzilishi, vakuollar va bo‘shliqlar paydo bo‘lishi); 3) hujayrali darajadagi o‘zgarishlar (neyron va glial hujayralar soni pasayishi, dendritik arborizatsiya va tikonlar tasnifi buzilishi); 4) funktsional o‘zgarishlar (sinaptik plastiklik va neyrotransmitterlar darajasi pasayishi); 5) epigenetik va metabolik o‘zgarishlar (oksidativ stress, epigenetik modifikatsiyalar va gen ekspressiyasi buzilishi). Ushbu o‘zgarishlar avlodlarning neyrokognitiv, motor va sensor rivojlanishiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi, uzoq muddatli neyrologik kasalliklar (masalan, autizm spektr buzilishi, diqqat yetishmovchiligi va giperfaollik buzilishi, shizofreniya) xavfini oshiradi. Kengaytirilgan tahlilda, 2025 yilgi ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, maternal diabet avlodlarda autizm riskini 25% ga, ADHDni 30% ga oshirishi aniqlangan, bu epigenetik mexanizmlar (masalan, PI3K/mTOR yo'li orqali autofagiya buzilishi) bilan bog'liq. Qo'shimcha ravishda, yangi tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, maternal diabet orqa miya lumbal segmentlarida glial sklerozi va neyron migratsiyasi buzilishiga olib keladi, bu motor defitsitni 40% ga oshiradi. Tadqiqotda 120 ta kalamush (Sprague-Dawley va outbred turlari) ishlatilgan, ularning 60 tasi eksperimental guruhda (STZ 45-60 mg/kg yoki alloksan 120-150 mg/kg dozada), 60 tasi nazorat guruhida. Avlodlar soni – 280 ta (fetal davrda 14-21 kun, neonatalda P0-P7, postnatalda P14-P60). Gistologik (gemotoksilin-eozin, Krezil violet, Van Gieson, Masson, Shik, Golgi-Cox bo‘yashlari), morfometrik (Fiji-ImageJ, Axio Lab A1), statistik (t-test, ANOVA, GraphPad Prism) va molekulyar (oksidativ stress markerlari, gen ekspressiyasi) usullar qo‘llanilgan. Yangi qo'shimchalar sifatida, qo'shimcha 40 ta kalamushda miR-200a miRNA ekspressiyasi va autofagiya markerlari (LC3-II, p62) o'rganilgan.

 

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