TUXUMDON ORGANOIDLARI: TUXUMDON TUZILISHINI MODELLASHTIRISH VA AYOL REPRODUKTIV TIZIMINING RIVOJLANISHIDAGI SO’NGGI YUTUQLAR

Gulrux Ziyoyeva

Anatomiya va OXTA kafedrasi asistenti, Toshkent Davlat Tibbiyot Universiteti, Toshkent, O‘zbekiston.

Munisa Yusufova

Anatomiya va OXTA kafedrasi asistenti, Toshkent Davlat Tibbiyot Universiteti, Toshkent, O‘zbekiston.

Shahnozaxon Yusupova

Anatomiya va OXTA kafedrasi asistenti, Toshkent Davlat Tibbiyot Universiteti, Toshkent, O‘zbekiston.

Keywords: pluripotent ildiz hujayralar (PSCs), induktsiyalangan pluripotent ildiz hujayralar (iPSCs), embrional ildiz hujayralar (ESCs), regenerativ tibbiyot, kasallik modellashtirish, vaskularizatsiya, extracellular matritsa (ECM), tuxumdon saratoni (OC), polikistik tuxumdon sindromi (PCOS), erta tuxumdon yetishmovchiligi (POF), gipoksik sharoitlar, 3D bioprinting, organoidlar-on-a-chip, assembloidlar, CRISPR/Cas9, yagona hujayra RNA sekvensiyasi (scRNA-seq), biofabrikatsiya, granuloz hujayralar, teka hujayralar, primordial germ hujayralar (PGC).

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Abstract

Tuxumdon organoidlari regenerativ tibbiyot, kasallik modellashtirish va farmakologik sinovlarda inqilobiy yutuq sifatida namoyon bo’lmoqda. Ushbu uch o’lchovli (3D) in vitro modellar inson tuxumdonining tuzilishi va ayol reproduktiv tizimining rivojlanishini taqlid qiladi, asosiy komponentlar – follikulalar, granuloz va teka hujayralar, primordial germ hujayralar (PGC) va stroma elementlarini o’z ichiga oladi. Bu modellar embrional rivojlanish jarayonlarini, patologik mexanizmlarni (masalan, tuxumdon saratoni – OC, polikistik tuxumdon sindromi – PCOS, erta tuxumdon yetishmovchiligi – POF) va terapevtik aralashuvlarni chuqur o’rganishga imkon beradi. Ushbu keng qamrovli sharh 2024-2025 yillardagi so’nggi yutuqlarni jamlaydi, shu jumladan organoid etukligini oshirish uchun gipoksik sharoitlar, extracellular matritsa (ECM) muhandisligi, vaskularizatsiya va biofabrikatsiya texnikalari, masalan, 3D bioprinting va organoidlar-on-a-chip. Gipoksik gradientlar (5-10% O2) embrional muhitni taqlid qilib, endoteliy hujayralar proliferatsiyasini va follikula bog’lanishini rag’batlantiradi, ECM manipulyatsiyalari esa detsellulyarizatsiyalangan scaffoldlar va supramolekulyar gidrogellar yordamida granuloz bazal membranalarini shakllantirish va quvurli cho’zilishni ta’minlaydi. Ureterik kurtak progenitorlari va immun hujayralar bilan ko-kultur strategiyalari chiqarish tizimi integratsiyasini yaxshilaydi, oldingi cheklovlarni bartaraf etadi. Qo’llanilishlari pasientdan olingan iPSClardan shaxsiylashtirilgan tibbiyotga, CRISPR/Cas9 bilan genetik tahrirga va in vivo transplantatsiya modellariga, neo-vaskularizatsiya va gormon ishlab chiqarishni ko’rsatuvchi modellariga kengayadi. Muammolar – organoid etuklik etishmasligi, klinik foydalanish uchun masshtablanish va immunogenlik – bioinformatika, yagona hujayra RNA sekvensiyasi (scRNA-seq) va organ-on-chip platformalari bilan birgalikda hal etilmoqda. Diagrammalar, konfokal mikroskopiya tasvirlari, transmissiya elektron mikroskopiya (TEM) suratlari va taqqosiy jadvallar bilan boyitilgan ushbu maqola tuxumdon organoidlarining laboratoriyadan klinikaga o’tkazishdagi o’zgartiruvchi rolini ta’kidlaydi, bepushtlik va tuxumdon kasalliklarining global yukini engillashtirishga yordam beradi.

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