BARIATRIK JARROHLIK VA KONSERVATIV VAZN KAMAYTIRISHNING ASTMA REMISSIYASIGA TA'SIRI: ADABIYOTLAR SHARHI

Razikova I.S.

Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universiteti, Toshkent, O'zbekiston

Akromov A.T.

Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universiteti, Toshkent, O'zbekiston

Keywords: bronxial astma, semizlik, bariatrik jarrohlik, vazn kamaytirish, astma remissiyasi, GLP-1 retseptor agonistlari.

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Abstract

Bariatrik jarrohlik semiz bronxial astma bemorlarida konservativ usullarga qaraganda ko'proq vazn yo'qotish va astmaning dori talab qilmaydigan holatiga ko'proq olib keladi, ammo ikki yondashuvni bevosita taqqoslagan randomizatsiyalangan tadqiqot hali yo'q. Ushbu narrativ sharhda 2000–2026 yillarda chop etilgan tadqiqotlar astma remissiyasining zamonaviy mezonlari nuqtai nazaridan tahlil qilindi.

Bariatrik jarrohlikdan keyin bemorlarning taxminan yarmi astmaga qarshi dorilarni to'liq to'xtatadi, xurujlar sababli shoshilinch murojaat va kasalxonaga yotqizish xavfi ikki baravar kamayadi, kichik nafas yo'llari funksiyasining yaxshilanishi 8 yilgacha saqlanadi. Parhez va jismoniy mashqlar 5–10% vazn yo'qotishda astma nazorati va hayot sifatini klinik ahamiyatli darajada yaxshilaydi, lekin remissiya kamdan-kam baholangan. GLP-1 retseptor agonistlari bo'yicha 2025–2026 yillardagi kuzatuv ma'lumotlari jarrohlik va turmush tarzi o'rtasidagi oraliq variantni ko'rsatmoqda. Remissiya ehtimoli vazn yo'qotish hajmiga, kech boshlangan noallergik fenotipga va IgE darajasining normal bo'lishiga bog'liq. Remissiya ta'riflarining standartlashtirilmagani va bevosita taqqoslovchi tadqiqotlarning yo'qligi asosiy bilim bo'shlig'i hisoblanadi.

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